# Read Write Excel

## Read

### Requirement

```
(sudo) pip install xlrd
```

### Data

test3.txt:\
![](https://2161500321-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-M0bSIkrSKJhpcDpbSbW%2F-M1JIS15ZMiTATWipjp2%2F-M1JITh_bEZwBAt6lcvV%2F2020-02-27-23-04-45.png?generation=1583036122069876\&alt=media)

### Code

```python
import xlrd
from datetime import date,datetime

file = 'test3.xlsx'

def read_excel():
    wb = xlrd.open_workbook(filename=file)#打开文件
    print(wb.sheet_names())#获取所有表格名字

    sheet1 = wb.sheet_by_index(0)#通过索引获取表格
    sheet2 = wb.sheet_by_name('年级')#通过名字获取表格
    print(sheet1,sheet2)
    print(sheet1.name,sheet1.nrows,sheet1.ncols)

    rows = sheet1.row_values(2)#获取行内容
    cols = sheet1.col_values(3)#获取列内容
    print(rows)
    print(cols)

    print(sheet1.cell(1,0).value)#获取表格里的内容，三种方式
    print(sheet1.cell_value(1,0))
    print(sheet1.row(1)[0].value)
```

### Effect

![](https://2161500321-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-M0bSIkrSKJhpcDpbSbW%2F-M1JIS15ZMiTATWipjp2%2F-M1JIThbzDD5vit3Vv1A%2F2020-02-27-23-04-35.png?generation=1583036120176974\&alt=media)

### Fix it

**python读取excel中单元格内容为日期的方式**\
python读取excel中单元格的内容返回的有5种类型，即上面例子中的ctype：\
0: empty，1: string，2: number，3: date，4: boolean，5: error\
即date的 ctype=3，这时需要使用xlrd的 `xldate_as_tuple` 来处理为date格式，先判断表格的 ctype=3 时 xldate 才能开始操作。

修改代码：

```python
import xlrd
from datetime import date,datetime

print(sheet1.cell(1,2).ctype)
date_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(sheet1.cell_value(1,2),wb.datemode)
print(date_value)
print(date(*date_value[:3]))
print(date(*date_value[:3]).strftime('%Y/%m/%d'))
```

结果：![](https://2161500321-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-M0bSIkrSKJhpcDpbSbW%2F-M1JIS15ZMiTATWipjp2%2F-M1JIThfu3gq1NVz97L5%2F2020-02-27-23-07-42.png?generation=1583036121180618\&alt=media)

### Details

## Write

### Requirement

```
(sudo) pip install xlwt
```

### Code

```python
import xlwt

#设置表格样式
def set_style(name,height,bold=False):
    style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    font = xlwt.Font()
    font.name = name
    font.bold = bold
    font.color_index = 4
    font.height = height
    style.font = font
    return style

#写Excel
def write_excel():
    f = xlwt.Workbook()
    sheet1 = f.add_sheet('学生',cell_overwrite_ok=True)
    row0 = ["姓名","年龄","出生日期","爱好"]
    colum0 = ["张三","李四","恋习Python","小明","小红","无名"]

    #写第一行
    for i in range(0,len(row0)):
        sheet1.write(0,i,row0[i],set_style('Times New Roman',220,True))

    #写第一列
    for i in range(0,len(colum0)):
        sheet1.write(i+1,0,colum0[i],set_style('Times New Roman',220,True))

    sheet1.write(1,3,'2006/12/12')
    sheet1.write_merge(6,6,1,3,'未知')#合并行单元格
    sheet1.write_merge(1,2,3,3,'打游戏')#合并列单元格
    sheet1.write_merge(4,5,3,3,'打篮球')

    f.save('test.xls')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    write_excel()
```

### Effect

![](https://2161500321-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-M0bSIkrSKJhpcDpbSbW%2F-M1JIS15ZMiTATWipjp2%2F-M1JIThj7An3uFDjIihi%2F2020-02-27-23-03-08.png?generation=1583036123236275\&alt=media)

## Excel 手算部分

### EXCEL中如何计算符合条件的值的平均值

平均值直接使用 `=averageifs(average_range, criteria_range, criteria)`

### EXCEL中如何计算符合条件的值的标准差

假设数据在A1:A20\
`=STDEVP(IF((A1:A20>50)*(A1:A20<100),A1:A20))` **数组公式**，按 **Ctrl+Shift+Enter** 结束公式输入。

## Reference

1. [腾讯课堂Coding学院 | Python读写Excel表格，就是这么简单粗暴又好用](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lVqgW0F8dJCte_jz9BTYdw) &#x20;
2. [百度知道 | EXCEL中如何计算符合条件的值的标准差](https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/129945517.html) &#x20;