Copy #include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
// Convenience function for checking CUDA runtime API results
// can be wrapped around any runtime API call. No-op in release builds.
// Cuda 函数调用正确性检查的规范形式
inline
cudaError_t checkCuda(cudaError_t result)
{
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(_DEBUG)
if (result != cudaSuccess) {
fprintf(stderr, "CUDA Runtime Error: %s\n",
cudaGetErrorString(result));
assert(result == cudaSuccess);
}
#endif
return result;
}
void profileCopies(float *h_a,
float *h_b,
float *d,
unsigned int n,
char *desc)
{
printf("\n%s transfers\n", desc);
unsigned int bytes = n * sizeof(float);
// events for timing
cudaEvent_t startEvent, stopEvent;
checkCuda( cudaEventCreate(&startEvent) );
checkCuda( cudaEventCreate(&stopEvent) );
checkCuda( cudaEventRecord(startEvent, 0) );
checkCuda( cudaMemcpy(d, h_a, bytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice) );
checkCuda( cudaEventRecord(stopEvent, 0) );
checkCuda( cudaEventSynchronize(stopEvent) );
// cudaEventSync 要让CPU在此处等待直到memcpy完成,否则CPU会继续执行下面的代码
float time;
checkCuda( cudaEventElapsedTime(&time, startEvent, stopEvent) );
printf(" Host to Device bandwidth (GB/s): %f\n", bytes * 1e-6 / time);
checkCuda( cudaEventRecord(startEvent, 0) );
checkCuda( cudaMemcpy(h_b, d, bytes, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost) );
checkCuda( cudaEventRecord(stopEvent, 0) );
checkCuda( cudaEventSynchronize(stopEvent) );
checkCuda( cudaEventElapsedTime(&time, startEvent, stopEvent) );
printf(" Device to Host bandwidth (GB/s): %f\n", bytes * 1e-6 / time);
// 之所以 *1e-6 是因为后面的 time 是 ms,所以转换成为 s 需要 1e3,合起来就是 1e9 = 1G
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (h_a[i] != h_b[i]) {
printf("*** %s transfers failed ***\n", desc);
break;
}
}
// clean up events
checkCuda( cudaEventDestroy(startEvent) );
checkCuda( cudaEventDestroy(stopEvent) );
}
int main()
{
unsigned int nElements = 4*1024*1024;
const unsigned int bytes = nElements * sizeof(float);
// host arrays
float *h_aPageable, *h_bPageable;
float *h_aPinned, *h_bPinned;
// device array
float *d_a;
// allocate and initialize
h_aPageable = (float*)malloc(bytes); // host pageable
h_bPageable = (float*)malloc(bytes); // host pageable
checkCuda( cudaMallocHost((void**)&h_aPinned, bytes) ); // host pinned
checkCuda( cudaMallocHost((void**)&h_bPinned, bytes) ); // host pinned
checkCuda( cudaMalloc((void**)&d_a, bytes) ); // device
for (int i = 0; i < nElements; ++i) h_aPageable[i] = i;
memcpy(h_aPinned, h_aPageable, bytes);
memset(h_bPageable, 0, bytes);
memset(h_bPinned, 0, bytes);
// output device info and transfer size
cudaDeviceProp prop;
checkCuda( cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, 0) );
printf("\nDevice: %s\n", prop.name);
printf("Transfer size (MB): %d\n", bytes / (1024 * 1024));
// perform copies and report bandwidth
profileCopies(h_aPageable, h_bPageable, d_a, nElements, "Pageable");
profileCopies(h_aPinned, h_bPinned, d_a, nElements, "Pinned");
printf("n");
// cleanup
cudaFree(d_a);
cudaFreeHost(h_aPinned);
cudaFreeHost(h_bPinned);
free(h_aPageable);
free(h_bPageable);
return 0;
}