Vocab

Unfamiliar Vocab and Phrases

Unfamiliar Words

1. deliberate

   1. adj. 故意的，存心的；从容不迫的；慎重的，深思熟虑的

   2. vt. 仔细考虑，思考；商议，讨论

2. communal

   1. adj. （尤指居住在一起的人）共享的

   2. communism 共产主义

3. gallant

   1. adj, （尤指在困境中）勇敢的

4. marvelous

   1. adj. 极好的，绝妙的；了不起的，令人惊奇的，不凡的

5. tremendous

   1. adj. 巨大的；惊人的；极好的

   2. immense adj. 巨大的，广大的，无边无际的

   3. enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的

      1. ENORMOUS and IMMENSE both suggest an exceeding of all ordinary bounds in size or amount or degree, but ENORMOUS often adds an implication of abnormality or monstrousness(异形).

      2. enormous expand

      3. immense shopping mall

   4. gigantic adj. 巨大的

      1. GIGANTIC stresses the contrast with the size of others of the same kind.

      2. a gigantic sports stadium

   5. giant adj. 巨大的，巨人般的

   6. massive adj. 规模大的

      1. The explosion made a massive hole in the ground.

      2. This could mean a massive furlough of government workers.

   7. astronomical adj. 天文的

      1. astronomical figures 天文数字

   8. colossal adj. 巨大的，异常的

      1. 异常的：colossal crocodilian

      2. COLOSSAL applies especially to a human creation of stupendous or incredible dimensions.

         1. a colossal statue of Lincoln

6. tension

   1. n. 张力，拉力；紧张的局势

   2. international/racial/political tensions

7. abrupt

   1. adj. 突然的，突如其来的；粗鲁的，鲁莽的

      1. ABRUPT stresses curtness and a lack of warning or ceremony.

   2. precipitate

      1. adj. 粗鲁的，鲁莽的

         1. the army's precipitate withdrawal

      2. v. 使突然发生，使突然陷入

         1. His resignation precipitated a leadership crisis.

         2. The assassination of the president precipitated the country into war.

      3. PRECIPITATE stresses lack of due deliberation and implies prematureness of action.

   3. impetuous

      1. adj. 冲动的；鲁莽的；猛烈的

      2. IMPETUOUS stresses extreme impatience or impulsiveness.

         1. an impetuous lover proposing marriage

   4. sudden

      1. adj. 突然的

      2. SUDDEN stresses unexpectedness and sharpness or violence of action.

         1. flew into a sudden rage

8. spotlight

   1. n. 聚光灯

      1. in the spotlight: Unemployment is once again in the spotlight.

   2. v. 突出报道

      1. The programme spotlights serious financial problems in the health service.

Sentences

1. Please rectify the mistakes on my bill.

2. They though his behavior was abnormal.

   1. abnormal behavior

   2. abnormal psychology

   3. abnormal phenomenon

3. The speech is a deliberate attempt to embarrass the government.

4. Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?

5. The gallant soldiers lost their lives to save the victims.

6. Mother turtles would burrow into the sand.

   1. burrow into 挖洞、钻进；探查

   2. That makes an effort by Google, to burrow deep into the leading US research libraries to make digital copies of all the works it can lay its hands on, seem both ambitious and quixotic.

7. We encourage all our members to strive for the highest standards.

8. A series of scandals had severely tarnished the singer's reputation.

9. He woke up to find himself lying on a bleak and desolate island.

10. This poor country was always afflicted by flood.

11. The newspaper gives an objective appraisal of government's achievements of the last year.

写作团词汇

• 家务责任 domestic responsibility

• 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency

• 随时可得的 readily available

• 做演示 deliver presentation

• 脊椎动物 vertebrate

• 无脊椎动物 invertebrate

• 给老年人介绍社区服务 introduce community service to the elderly

• 帮助小孩学习 assist children in schooling

• 预期安排财政支出 budget the finance

• 获得/缺乏(做..的)能力 acquire/lack the ability to do

• 学会/提升..技能sill acquire/ hone/upgrade skills

• 缓解交通堵塞 ease/relieve the traffic jam

• 政府实施政策 implement policies

• 生活水平 living standards

• 方便学习 facilitate learning

• 培养责任感 cultivate a sense of responsibility

• 对...造成威胁 pose a threat to...

• 建立信任 trust build up/develop trust

• 培养(家庭/道德)价值观 foster family/moral values

• 达到同样的目的 serve/achieve the same purpose

• 破坏人际关系 break off /destroy the relationship between..

• 使某人和某人疏远 alienate sb. from sb.

• 提升健康 promote/improve health

• 损害健康 undermine health

• 扩展视野 expand outlook

• 提升工作效率 improve/enhance/increase/boost working efficiency

• 降低工作效率 decrease/impair/reduce working efficiency

• 提升人际关系 strengthen bonds of friendship (between...and..)

• 巩固人际关系 cement/strengthen interpersonal relationship

• 挖掘潜力 exploit/explore potential

• 熱情逝去 Enthusiasm fades. (句子)

• 减少空气污染 reduce/cut/limit pollution

• 治理空气污染 tackle/combat/fight pollution

• 使加重...的经济负担 be a drain on/impose a financial burden on

• 使减轻...的负担 ease/lighten/reduce .... the burden on

• 领导气质 charisma

• 委托某人做某事 delegate sb. to do sth

• 激发他人做某事 motivate others to contribute

• 集体的 collective

• 给予清晰的任务指令 give clear task description.

• 引发讨论 spark debates

• 不惜任何代价赢 win at any cost

• 嚣张跋扈的 overbearing

• 挑剔的 demanding

《新托福写作28+秘籍》词汇

场景表达

• educators and researchers 教育专家和研究学者

• collaborative and interactive learning 合作互动式学习

• fellow classmate 同学

• critical thinking 批判式思维

• presentation skills 演讲技巧

• soft skill sets 成套的软性技能（如上面两个）

• collect one's thoughts 整理思路

• synthesize the concept 结合概念

• reflect on the rationale 反思原理

• persuasive reasoning

• unconsciously do sth. 不知不觉做了

• eye contact 眼神交流

• body language 肢体语言

• facial expression 面部表情

• different ideas and perspectives 不同的想法与视角

• appreciate, value and even embrace unfamiliar opinions 欣赏、重视甚至拥抱自己不熟悉的观点

• get sb. prepared on ... 使某人在...方面做好准备

• job hopping 跳槽

• question one's commitment and loyalty to ... 质疑某人对...的责任与忠诚

• broaden social network 拓宽社交网络

• better comprehension and benefits 更好的福利待遇

• job experience 工作经验

• exposure to different industries 接触不同行业的机会

• professional experience 职业经历

• identify one's real expectation and ultimate career goal 认清真正的期待和终极职业目标

• standard procedure of ... 的标准流程

• daily business operation 日常业务执行

• a clear professional boundary 清晰的职业感

• follow strict regulations and procedure 服从严格的管理和流程

• conduct business 处理/经营业务

• a much more promising career 一个更有希望的职业前景

• overly competitive job market 竞争过于激烈的就业市场

• a dynamic and active professional network 有活力且活跃的职业交际范围

• land better jobs 获取更好的工作

• rich professional experience 丰富的职业经验

• more dynamic professional connections 更为活跃的职业交往

• the availability of educational resources 教育资源的可获得性

• decent education 体面的教育

• ever-increasing tuitions 持续上涨的学费

• smart phones, desktops and computer laptops 智能手机、台式电脑和笔记本电脑

• adolescents and teenagers 青少年

• massive on-line public courses 大量的网络公开课

• attend the lecture 参加讲座

• world-renowned professors 世界知名的教授

• state-of-the-art technology 前沿科技

• education at different levels 不同水平的教育

• purchase advanced scientific equipment 购买高级的科研设备

• attract young researchers and scientists 吸引年轻的研究学者和科学家

• fund cutting-edge researches 资助前沿的研究

• tertiary education 高等教育

• education experience 教育经历

• take a panoramic picture/view of ... 纵观...

• technological gadgets 科技产品

• students' behavior and mindset 学生们的行为和心态

• movie stars, sports giants, and pop singers 电影明星、体坛巨星以及流行歌手

• sex scandals, abusive use of drugs, random hookups, and notorious rehabilitation 性丑闻、滥用毒品、混乱的关系以及臭名昭著的康复治疗

• in one's formative years 在某人的成长期

• parental involvement 父母参与

• the masses' increasing affluence 大众日益增长的财富

• educational awareness 教育意识

• academic performance 学业表现

• promote school attendance 鼓励学校出勤率

• overwhelmingly hectic life pace 极其忙碌的生活节奏

• urban dwellers 城市居民

• release one's pressure 释放压力

• professionals 专业人士

• chronic diseases 慢性病

• anxiety, depression, and even insomnia 焦虑、压抑甚至失眠

• other commitments and worries 其他需要尽义务或者担心的（人或事情）

• lead a healthy and active lifestyle 秉承健康积极的生活方式

• social outlets 社交渠道

• people across a wide range of age, profession, gender and even social-economic status 在年龄、职业、性别甚至社会经济地位上都不尽相同的人

• like-minded people 趣味相投的人

• mingle and interact with each other 打成一团并彼此互动

• perceive/see the world in refreshed eyes 以崭新的视角来感知/看待世界

• keep fit 保持健康

• maintain a sound body 保持强健的体魄

• cultivate one's perseverance and willpower 培养个人的耐力和意志力

• jogging, yoga, and running 慢跑、瑜伽以及跑步

• the monotonous and repetitive movements 单调而重复的动作

• offensive and defensive strategies 攻击与防守策略

• hone one's interpersonal skills 磨练人际交往能力

• mold one's character 塑造性感

• enhance one's adaptability to society 提升适应社会的能力

• save sb. sth. 为某人省去...的麻烦

• in person 面对面/亲自

• seek for 寻求

• nonverbal languages 非语言沟通

• facial expression, body language, eye contact 面部表情、肢体语言、眼神交流

• verbal language 语言沟通

• interactive and personal 具有互动性且私人的

• serve to boast a stronger bond 有助于结成更强的情感纽带

• expectations out of a job 对一份工作持有的期待

• personal satisfaction, a decent pay, and social respect and recognition 个人满足感、体面的薪水以及社会的尊重和认可

• work long hours 长时间工作

• hold on an average paid job 坚持一份待遇普通的工作

• primary incentive 主要的动机/激励

• pursue a career 追求一份事业

• work overtime 加班

• jeopardize one's health 毁掉/危及个人的健康

• sedentary 久坐的

• competitive and intense 竞争激烈且紧张的

• a stock broker or a financial analyst 股票经纪人或金融分析人员

• productive 富有成效的、高产的

• boring and repetitive work 枯燥而重复的工作

• quality time 高品质时间（指和家人朋友在一起的时间）

• maintain a harmonious bond with 与...维持和谐的关系

• in a professional setting 在职场

• flexibility in working schedule 工作安排上的灵活性

• family income 家庭收入

• eating habits 饮食习惯

• household chores 家务琐事

• eat/dine out 外出吃饭

• feature restaurants 特色餐厅

• meat lovers 肉食爱好者

• vegetarians 素食主义者

• escape the drudgery of work 逃离辛苦乏味的工作

• achieve infinite fortune and wealth 获取无限的财富

• accumulate sufficient wealth 积累足够的财富

• dependency on technology 对于科技的依赖

• technological devices 科技设备

• mainstream users 主流用户

• take 360-degree panoramic pictures 360度全景拍摄

• lens 镜头

• optimal image stabilization 光学防抖

• high definition 高分辨率

• automatic and user-friendly 自动并且人性化的

• state-of-the-art gadgets 最先进的设备

• release new versions and latest models 发布新的版本和型号

• core innovation 核心技术

• budget the fiance 预期安排财政支出

• coaching and training 指导培训

• develop new products 研发新产品

• streamline business operation 简化经营活动

• ongoing training 持续的培训

• boost productivity 提高生产力

• employees' retention rate 员工保有率

• glean greater benefits 收获更多的效益

• decision-makers 决策者

• time commitment 时间上的付出

• long-time profits and yields 长期的收益和产出

• enterprise resource management software 企业资源管理软件

• over one's entire tenure 在...的整个任期

• career growth 职业成长

• joint ventures 合资企业

• globalization initiative 全球化计划/方案

• make a huge purchase 购入大件物品

• reviews from the media 媒体评论

• a good bargain 一笔好生意

• endear ... to a larger audience 使...被更多的受众喜欢

• earn a higher commission 赚取更高的佣金

• inventions and discoveries 发明与发现

• a gesture of good will 善意的姿态

• conduct abusive usage of 实行对...的滥用

• for the sake of 为了

• improve people's overall livelihood 改善人们的生活

• eroded conscience 腐败的道德观

• populated area 人口密集区

• employ 利用

• modernization of today's world 当今世界的现代化

• Global Positioning System 全球定位系统

• judiciary and executive branches 司法和行政机关

• exemption from 从...中豁免

• take the consequence of 承担...的后果

• for a vicious purpose 处于邪恶的目的

• social conscience 社会责任心

• the arrival of information era 信息时代的到来

• the competitive edge 竞争优势

• technology spillover 科技溢出

• make/become acquaintance with 与...相识

• a sense of humor 幽默感

• approachable and easy going 容易接近的，随和的

• likable 令人喜欢的

• tear down the wall 打破隔阂

• hang out 闲逛

• hostility and confrontation 敌对和冲突

• incorporate laughter and humor in their everyday life 把笑声和幽默融入日常生活

• avoid meaningless fights 避免无意义的争吵

• harmonious 和谐的

• pretentious 自命不凡的，虚伪的

• goal setting 目标设定

• high achiever 成就者

• within one's capability 在...的能力范围之内

• a moderate goal 一个适度的目标

• a relatively decent-sized customer base 一个相对客观的客户群

• irrational commitment 非理性承诺

• become acquainted with ... 与...相识

• develop deep bond with ... 与...建立深厚的感情纽带

• share the same passion and enthusiasm for ... 分享着对...同样的激情和热爱

• establish lifelong friendship 建立一生的友谊

• both on and off court 场上和场下

• go on tournaments 去比赛

• on the championship celebration party 在庆祝夺冠的聚会上

• count on 指望，依赖

• afford sb. a strong sense of belonging 给予某人强烈的归属感

• camaraderie and bonds 同志情谊和感情纽带

• social beings 社会属性的生物

• nursing homes 养老院

• learning deficiencies 学习障碍

• ADD = attention deficit disorder 多动症（注意力缺乏症）

• dyslexia 阅读障碍症

• be compassionate to other 同情他人

• underprivileged groups 社会地位低下的人群

• dismiss 抛弃

• receive proper education 获得适当的教育

• build up one's confidence

• easy going and sociable 随和而乐于社交的

• get along with 与...相处愉快

• avoid potential financial pitfalls 避免潜在的金融陷阱

• get promoted 得到提升，如升职加薪

• observe the rules and regulations 遵守制度和法则

• be in compliance with the rules 遵守规则

• be dedicated and committed to 对...忠诚而乐于付出

• a stable working environment 一个稳定的工作环境

• boast productivity 促进生产力

• create a disruptive and unordered atmosphere 创造一个混乱而无序的氛围

• morale 士气

• enhance the company's positive image 提升公司的正面形象

• reinforce the company's credibility 强化公司的信誉度

• shape customers' perception 影响客户的认知

• violate certain protocols 违反某些规范

• corporate efforts and dedication 企业的努力和付出

• be overwhelmed with tons of work 被过多的工作压垮

• the multi-tasking approach 多任务同时处理的方法

• hurt performance 损害工作表现

• lower efficiency 降低效率

• cognitive psychology 认知心理学

• recall and process information 回忆并处理信息

• organize one's thoughts and filter information 组织思路并过滤信息

• thinking pattern 思考模式

• be under a lot of pressure 经受很大的压力

• confidence and morale 自信和士气

• solicit others' advice 征求别人的建议

• rookie = green hand 新手

• senior employees 工作时间长的员工

• hold a junior position 在一个初级的岗位上

• intensive coaching and training 密集的指导和培训

• others' opinions and perspectives 其他人的观点和视角

• consult with 商量，咨询

• assertiveness and confidence 果断与自信

• wishy-washy 犹犹豫豫，没有主见的

• be examined case by case 需要具体情况具体分析

• pastime 休闲活动

• seek for inspiration and motivation 寻求灵感和动力

• intended implications on ... 对于...产生的预期的影响

• climb the social ladder 获取更高的社会地位

• determination, perseverance and willpower 决心、坚持和意志力

• an outlet of people's daily pressure 人们日常压力的宣泄渠道

• in part 部分上；某种程度上

• feel refreshed and energetic 感觉焕然一新且精力充沛

• stir up one's imagination and creativity 激发想象力和创造力

• science fiction movies 科幻电影

• numerous gadgets and inventions 无数的小装置和发明

• stimulate one's interest in 激发某人在...方面的兴趣

• go far beyond ... 远远超过了...

• ensure the prosperity of ... 确保...的繁荣

• the underprivileged 下层贫困民众

• disposable income 可支配收入

• enhance one's livelihood 提高某人的生活水平

• boost the domestic consumption 促进国内消费

• finance one's education 为...的教育提供资金

• student loan 学生贷款

• philanthropic activity 慈善活动

• living standard 生活水平

• interfere with free market 干预自由市场

• lay off one's employees 裁员

• in the outskirt 在郊区

• a low occupancy 低入住率

• unintended side-effects 意想不到的副作用

• spare no efforts to ... 不遗余力做...

• spend days and nights 夜以继日地

• close more deals 达成更多交易

• prestigious 有声望的

• make breakthroughs 取得突破

• get nowhere 原地踏步，没有任何进步

• out of nothing but pure n. ... 仅仅是因为...

• remarkable 出色的，引人瞩目的

• exceptionally 特别的，非常的

• on the waiting list 在候选名单上

• further one's studies 继续...的学业

• referral 介绍，只因

• more often than not 通常，多半

• post the recruitment information 发布招聘信息

• transform hard work into great success 将努力工作转化为巨大的成功

• parent(v. 培养) ... to be well-rounded persons 将...培养成全面发展的人

• in the household 在家庭中

• emotional intelligence 情商

• empathy 同理心，同感

• read one's nonverbal cues 理解某人的非语言线索

• analyze one's nonverbal languages 分析某人的非语言信息

• perceive the situation from others' perspective 从他人的角度理解情况

• positive feedback 正面积极的反馈

• acquire a sense of self value 获取自我价值感

• boost one's self-esteem 提升自尊

• shoulder great responsibility 肩负更大的责任

• access one's academic performance 评估某人的学业表现

• comprehensive skill set 综合技能

• make arduous effort 付出艰苦的努力

• motivate and inspire 鼓励并启发

• make up the grade 弥补分数

• rent an entire popular tourist resort 租下整个受欢迎的度假胜地

• be spiritually and mentally healthy 在心智上是健康的

• orphanage 孤儿院

• altruistic behavior 利他行为

• be inner gratification 内心的满足

• a sense of purpose 使命感，目的感

• increase one's social status and recognition 提升一个人的社会地位和认可度

• build a very philanthropic image and public branding 建立一个非常具有人道主义色彩的形象和公共品牌

• love and compassion 爱和同情

• tax deductible 可减税的

• claim the moral high ground 声称站在了道德的高低上

• augment one's self-esteem 增强自信心

• foster a hospitable and philanthropic atmosphere 孕育一种热情友好并乐于助人的氛围

• have access to 有接触...的渠道

• from a single source 从一个单一的渠道

• biased and prejudiced 偏颇而有失公允的

• a slippery expression 靠不住的说法

• lack of diversity 缺乏多样性

• demographic factors 人口因素

• critical thinking skills 批判思维能力

• have a more justified stance on ... 在...上有一个更为合理的立场

• broaden one's horizons 拓宽视野

• enrich one's experience 丰富经历

• documentary 纪录片

• people's awareness to preserve the natural resources 人们保护自然资源的意识

• increase the price of gasoline and electricity alone 仅提高汽油和电的价格

• utility bills 物业账单

• be under the poverty line 生活在贫困线下

• hydro-electronic power 水力发电

• solar/wind/tide/geo-thermal power 太阳能/风能/潮汐/地热发电

• nuclear power plants 核电站

• economic incentives 经济激励

• government subsidies 政府补贴

• a formidable task 一项艰巨的任务

• diagnose the patients 为病人诊断

• solid evidence 可靠的证据

• attract more scientific fund 吸引更多的科研经费

• state-of-the-art equipment and facilities 尖端设备和设施

• impart 传授

• an internal desire to connect to others 一种与人交流的内在渴望

• maintain any kind of distant relationships 维持任何一种远距离关系

• frequent hangouts 频繁的聚会

• a sense of security/stability/togetherness/belonging 安全感/稳定感/亲密感/归属感

• have a wandering eye 心猿意马，不安分的

• live in different cities, regions and even countries 生活在不同的城市、地区甚至是国家

• undermine long-term relationships 破坏长期的关系

• overstatement 言过其实的说法

• a galaxy of 很多

• pen pal 笔友

• cutting-edge technological gadgets 先进的科技产品

• look up webpages 查找网页

• on one's ways of living and mindsets 生活方式以及习惯

• online social network 线上社交网络

• first-hand exposure 亲身接触

• take one's time 不着急

• life philosophy 生活哲学

• local cuisines 当地美食

• the place of one's origin ...的原产地

• appreciate the cultural relics and the local artworks 欣赏文物和当地的艺术品

• a decent income 一份体面的收入

• a higher living standard 更高的生活水平

• the mere availability of daily necessities 仅拥有生活必需品的状态

• be under extreme stress 在极大的压力之下

• cover one's basic living expense 支付一个人基本的生活开销

• rent, utility bills, and transportation fees, and so forth 房租，物业费，交通费以及其他的

• make ends meet 收支平衡

• realize one's worth/value 实现某人的价值

• reach out and help the under-privileged 伸出援手去帮助弱势的人

• hard earned tax dollars 辛苦赚来的纳税的钱

• maintain stability 维护稳定

• provide social welfare 提供社会福利

• prevent unlawful conducts 防止不法途径

• infrastructure 基础设施

• balance the interests of all the people involved 平衡所有相关人员的利益

• foreign invasions 外来侵略

• catastrophic natural disaster 毁灭性的自然灾害

• wage a few terrorist attacks 发起恐怖袭击

• incur numerous casualties and colossal economic loss 造成大量伤亡和巨大的经济损失

• keep sb. posted/informed about 使某人对于...保持消息灵通的状态

• up-to-date domestic and international events 最新的国内外事件

• conversation ice breakers 对话破冰的话题

• these comments and languages 这些评论和语言

• attitudes and behaviors 态度和行为

• derogatory language 侮辱性的语言

• sing suggestive song lyrics 唱有暗示性的歌词

• flirt with each other 互相调情

• extensive exposure to celebrities' opinions 广泛接触名人的观点

• decent, congenial, and honest 正派、意气相投并且诚实的

• awkward and embarrassing moments 尴尬的瞬间

• keep ... to oneself 保守秘密

• unveil 使公之于众

• judgemental 主观判断的

• get alienated by 被...疏远

• a white lie 善意的谎言

• a form of deception 一种欺骗

• a mutually beneficial friendship 一种双方都有益的友谊

• decision maker 决策者

• ramp up police force 增加警力

• renovate bumpy streets 翻修颠簸不平的街道

• rampant crimes 猖獗的犯罪行为

• enjoy a good reputation in terms of safety 在治安方面有好名声

• a sharp decline in the revenues of local business 当地收入的显著下降

• local authority 当地政府

• surrounding scenic spot 周围的景区

• place of interest/tourist resort 名胜古迹/度假胜地

• ventilation 通风系统

• environmental degradation 环境退化

• extinction of endangered species, air pollution, climate change and chronic diseases 濒危物种的灭绝、空气污染、气候变化以及慢性疾病

• reckless and irresponsible human activities 鲁莽而不负责任的人类活动

• over exploitation of forests 森林的过度砍伐

• discharge manufacturing waste into the water 将工业废弃物排放到水中

• emit exhaust fumes from vehicles 交通工具排放废气

• subsidies and even tax breaks 补贴甚至减税

• issue policy 发布政策

• non-government agency 非政府结构

• regulate and maintain a fair and competitive market order 规范并维护公平竞争的市场秩序

• environment awareness 环境意识

• be more environmentally conscious 更具有环境意识

• fortitude and willpower 坚韧和意志力

• mold one's character 塑造某人的性格

• a sense of security 安全感

• a role model 行为榜样

• set a good example for 为...树立好的榜样

• considerate and understanding 考虑周到的并善解人意的

• be passed on from generation and generation 被一代代传承的

• drug dealers 贩毒者

• imitate one's speech and behavior 模仿某人的言行举止

• conquer any major pitfall 克服任何重大的困难

功能表达

• take a position on sth 在某件事上明确立场

• the examination of the importance and relevance of ... 对于...重要性与实用性的研究

• respond to others' comments 回应他人的评论

• meaningfully and extensively 有意义且广泛的

• express oneself affirmatively 肯定自信地表达自己

• valuable assets 宝贵的财富；有价值的资产

• cope with 处理

• live in a vacuum 生活在真空中（指不和其他人往来）

• demonstrate a higher potential to do ... 在做...方面表现出更高的潜力

• benefits/merits <-> drawbacks/pitfalls/disadvantages

• switch between 在...之间切换

• settle down 安定下来

• outweigh 胜过，超过（常见 the advantages of xxx outweigh the disadvantages of xxx）

• be suspicious of ... 对...保持怀疑态度

• judgement 判断，判断力

• countless benefits 无尽的益处

• in the long term 长远来看

• intimate and close relationship 密切和亲近的友谊

• fit sb. best 最为适合某人

• flexible and adaptable 灵活且适应能力强的

• explore new social networks 探索新的交际范围

• in the near future 在不久的将来

• expand one's social and professional network 扩大某人的社交和职业范围

• it is more advisable to do ... 做...是更为明智可取的

• access to sth. 接触...的机会/途径

• have access to sth. 拥有接触...的机会/途径

• sth. be accessible to sb. 对于某人来说，...是可以获取的

• regardless of 不管，无论

• the advent of ... ...的到来

• with the appearance of ... 随着...的出现

• a wide range of 大量的

• ranging from ... to ... 范围从...到...

• poverty-stricken areas 贫困地区

• enjoy a better chance to do sth. 有更好的机会做...

• spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地...

• in this regard 在这方面

• be fully subsidized 是被完全补贴的

• serve multiple purpose 具有多种功能性

• readily available 随时可得到的

• be susceptible to ... 容易受到...影响的

• people of all age groups 各个年龄段的人们

• bad exemplars 负面的示范

• be involved in 牵扯到

• be immune to ... 对...有免疫力/不受...的影响

• play a more active role in ... 在...扮演了一个更为活跃的角色

• have a tendency to do ... 有...的倾向

• be actively engaged in ... 活跃地参与到...当中

• suffer from both physical and mental problems 饱受生理和心理问题的困扰

• serve as an oasis to get away from ... 充当一个（让人）可以逃离...的绿洲

• in favor of 支持、赞成

• get fed up with ... 受够了...

• bond more with ... 与...关系更为密切

• motivation, encouragement, and even inspiration 动力、鼓舞甚至灵感

• indispensable factors (to) 不可或缺的因素

• intangible assets 无形的财富

• a memorable experience 一段值得回忆的经历

• make appointment with ... 与...预约

• refute the enormous benefits of ... 否认...的巨大优势

• account for 占据（比例）

• assume one's shared responsibility 承担共有的责任

• contagious 富有感染力的

• monetary reward 金钱的奖励

• cover daily expenses 支付日常费用

• room and board, utility bills, and medical insurance 衣宿、水电费以及医疗保险

• live a decent life 过着体面的生活

• allocate one's time 分配时间

• enjoy one's intimacy with friends and family 享受与朋友和家人的亲密

• pose a great thread to ... 对...造成巨大的威胁

• dizzy, backache, and a lack of energy 眩晕、背痛和乏力

• in a row 连续的

• cardiac sudden death 心脏性猝死

• procrastination 拖延症

• a lack of morale 缺乏士气

• sacrifice 牺牲

• much of one's spare time 大部分的闲暇时间

• devote to 致力于/奉献给

• a lower risk of 更低的风险

• a myriad of factors 很多因素

• be at play 发挥作用

• take ... into consideration 考虑到...

• be closely related with ... 与...密切相关

• in developed countries 在发达国家

• give sb. an incentive to do ... 激励某人去做...

• burgeon 迅速发展

• obsession with 对于...的迷恋

• a reflection of 对于...的一种反应

• deep-rooted belief 根深蒂固的信念

• be intricately tied to 与...紧密相连

• beat the odds 取得成功

• squeeze more out of ... 从...中压榨更多

• insatiable desire to 无休止的欲望

• trigger sb. to do 促使某人做...

• vary from person to person ...是因人而异的

• launch sth. onto the market 将...投放到市场上

• adopt 采用，采纳

• a trilling user experience 令人兴奋的用户体验

• be particular about 讲究，挑剔

• save sb. the trouble to do ... 省去了做某事的麻烦

• potential customers 潜在客户

• loyal customers 忠实客户

• both professional and insightful reviews 专业而富有洞察力的评论

• a frequent subject in a number of debates 在很多讨论中经常出现的主题

• be placed on top of the list 最重要/最值得关注

• top priority 当务之急

• take initiative in 在...方面采取主动

• in turn 反过来

• a positive correlation between ... and ... ...与...之间存在一种正相关

• in the long term 从长远考虑

• implement technological devices 安装技术设备

• stave off cognitive decline 抑制认知能力下降

• switch off 放松，分散精力

• to name a few 仅举几例

• share one's perspective 分享观点

• in the above sequence 按照上面的顺序

• have a direct impact on ... 对...有直接的影响

• trustworthy 值得信任的

• likes and dislikes 好恶

• make informed decisions 作出明智的决定

• follow the feedback 关注反馈

• keep oneself update 使自己随时了解最新情况

• cautious 审慎的

• selective 挑剔的

• in most cases 在大多数情况下

• twist the information 扭曲信息

• exaggerate the benefit 夸大好处

• be ripped off 上当受骗

• remove the stain 去除污渍

• give the fact that ... 考虑到

• provide solid information 提供可靠的信息

• act/serve as 充当

• double edged swords 双刃剑

• be ultimately responsible for 为...最终负责

• polar opposite 截然相反（用在开头段discuss的地方）

• affirmative 肯定的

• by and large 大体来说

• be held accountable for 对...负责

• be liable for 对...负责

• disincentive 抑制因素

• hunt down 求追不舍直至抓获

• for fear of 以防

• give a second thought 重新考虑

• conservatives 保守派

• free market believers 自由市场的信仰者

• be in favor of 支持

• facilitate 促进

• regarding 关于（=about/concerning）

• discipline 学科，领域

• in one's pursuit of 追求

• come to existence 生成。存在

• avoid unwanted replication of 避免不必要的重复

• emerging economies 新兴经济体

• driving force 驱动力

• economic growth 经济增长

• retailer 零售商

• entry and rapid expansion 进入与快速扩张

• logistic industry 物流业

• at the forefront 处于前沿

• in no time 立即，很快

• consciously and unconsciously 有意或无意的

• release one's pressure 释放压力

• alleviate one's stress 减轻压力

• perceive 感知

• be superior to 优于

• at both provincial and national levels 省级和国家级的

• high accomplishment academic wise 在学术方面的高造诣

• seemingly 看上去

• be worthy of 值得

• have different interpretation of ... 对...有着不同的解读

• unattainable 不可达到的

• adopt a realistic attitude towards 对...采取实际的态度

• leave sb. in dismay 使某人感到沮丧

• down to earth 脚踏实地地

• have something/a lot/little/nothing in common with ... 与...有共同点/很多共同点/几乎没有共同点/没有共同点

• take one's time 不着急，慢慢来

• fall short of one's expectation 未能达到...的期待

• be inclined to/tend to 倾向于

• make modifications and adjustments to 对...作出改动和调整

• lay a solid foundation to ... 为...打下坚实的基础

• be paralleled by 与...所匹敌

• competitively and intensively 有竞争性且激烈的

• inspiration, encouragement and motivation 灵感、勇气和动力

• from the scratch 从零开始

• out of reach 不在范围内

• scenario 场景

• be aware of 清楚知道，认识到

• cannot live with the consequence of ... 无法可接受...的后果

• put sb. in a disastrous state of mind 将...置于毁灭性的心态之中

• in a continuous and ongoing manner 用一种持续进行的方式

• negativity and self-hatred 消极和自我憎恶

• gain some exposure to 接触到...

• stay informed of 对...保持消息灵通

• well-rounded 全面发展的

• enjoy a better chance to do ... 在...方面有更好的机会

• be reluctant to 不情愿做...

• be detrimental to 对...是有害的

• dressing code 着装规范

• pride oneself on 以...为荣

• go against the fact 与事实相悖

• exert a long lasting negative impact on 对...造成长久的负面影响

• draw a definite line 很明确地作出判断

• from time to time 一次又一次地

• on some occasions 在某些场合

• capitalize on 利用

• setback 失败

• take personal responsibility for 为...承担个人责任

• out of 出于...原因

• end up doing sth. 以...告终

• deliver presentation 做展示

• top the list 居首位

• domino effect 多米诺效应

• in an all-round manner 以全面的方式

• a comprehensive health insurance 综合医疗保险

• release one's financial pressure 免除某人的财务压力

• reach out to ... 对...伸出援手

• ripple/chain effect 涟漪效应/连锁反应

• fall short of one's expectations 达不到...的预期

• in turn 相应的

• create a hostile environment 创造一个不利的环境

• turn out to be 结果是

• be indispensible for ... 对于...是不可或缺的

• put up with 忍受

• the ridiculous demand 荒唐的要求

• underestimate the role that ... 低估了...的作用

• potential setbacks 潜在的挫折

• vary in experience and educational backgrounds 在经历和教育背景方面不同

• dwell upon 深思，细想

• act accordingly 采取相应行动

• assign chores to ... 分配杂务给...

• with regard to 关于

• monetary reward 金钱奖励

• put ... in a very favorable position 使...处于一个有利的位置

• hold totally distinct perspectives on ... 在...的问题上有着截然不同的观点

• incur huge cost 招致大额费用

• such ... to the extent that ... 这样的...，以至于到达了...的程度

• be versed in 精通

• representative 具有代表性的

• feel frustrated and depressed 感到沮丧和失落

• be more willing to 更愿意

• at one's discretion 自行决定

• to survive and thrive 生存并发展

• be aware of 认识到

• enjoy an edge 享有一个优势

• boost one's competence 提高一个人的竞争力

• qualified and competitive 有资质并有竞争力的

• point fingers to 职责

• be applauded and embraced 被称赞和欢迎

• be exposed to 接触到

• serve different purposes 服务于不同的目的

• in terms of 就...方面而言

• in hinterland 内陆地区（常指代不发达的地区）

• a very thorny problem 一个棘手的问题

• overshadow/eclipse 使...黯然失色

• pose a threat to 对...造成了威胁

• take drastic measures to 采取严厉措施来...

• harness 利用

• raise people's awareness 提高人们的意识

• categorize garbage 垃圾分类

• disposable 一次性的

• incandescent light bulbs 白炽灯

• primary drive for ...的主要驱动力

• streamline and restructure 简化并重新组织

• relaunch ... to the market 把...重新投入到市场上

• excel in 在...方面表现出色

• be recognized 获得认可

• yield 结出，产生

• desirable 令人满意的，值得拥有的

• inherent pitfalls 内在的缺陷

• physical presence of both parties 双方的实际存在

• a catalyst for ... ...的催化剂

• affectionate 饱含感情的

• a series of 一系列

• once in a while 偶尔

• tighten one's financial belt 省吃俭用

• costs and expenditures 费用和开销

• be dedicated to 致力于

• reflect 反映，呈现

• in person 亲自

• not to mention 更不用提

• showcase one's compassion and empathy 展现某人的同情心和同理心

• let alone 更不用说

• be in desperate need of 急需...

• get rid of 摆脱

• red tape 官僚习气；繁文缛节

• be beyond the power of ... 超出...的能力

• commute from home to work 乘车上下班

• concerted efforts 共同的努力

• temporary camps 临时的帐篷

• medication 医疗

• be traumatized both physically and mentally 肉体和精神遭受创伤

• overwhelmed with 使应接不暇

• everyday mundane lives 日常的平凡生活

• attract international attention 吸引国际上的注意力

• gregarious 群居的，热爱交际的

• destitute 穷困的

• contagious 有感染力的

• spread positive energy 传播正能量

• at large 总体来说

• serve the interests and livelihood of the entire human race 服务于整个人类的利益和生计

• in sharp contrast 鲜明的对比

• lead sb. astray 导致某人误入歧途

• gain confidence 获得自信

• for no legitimate reason 没有合理的理由

• despicable 可耻的，可鄙的

• for a good cause 出于正当理由

• anyone with a clear sanity 任何神志清醒的人

• appealing 有吸引力的

• a combination of ... 的组合

• a must 必须的条件

• extend 给予，提供

• address these thorny problems 解决这些棘手的问题

• never fail to attract the attention from 总会吸引...的注意

• be subject to 受...支配

• for commuting purpose 为了通勤

• impose heavy tax and even penalty on 对...征收重税甚至罚金

• with regard to 关于

• give it another thought 重新考虑

• above-mentioned 以上提到的

• disengaged 不参与的

• alternative 可替代的

• stay out of the game 置身事外

• be composed by 包括

• be detrimental to 对...有害

• serve as 充当

• catastrophic 灾难性的

• unconsciously follow suit 无意识地效仿

可借鉴句式

• it is obvious that ... 显而易见

• it takes the right amount of ... 这需要适量的...

• not only ... but also ... 不仅...还...

• the benefits and drawbacks of ... have never failed to be the center of debate among ... 关于...的优劣一直都是...之间争论的焦点

• it is conducive for ... to do ... 做某事对某人是有利的

• this is especially true when considering that ... 考虑到...，此种情况尤为如此

• ... is an indispensible part of ... ...是必不可少的一部分

• when it comes to ... 就...而论

• when it comes to the question of ..., people tend to give polar opposite responses. 当谈到...的问题时，人们持有截然不同的态度。

• ... be so ... that it is not exaggerated to claim that ... ...是如此...，以至于说...都不足为过

• could not agree more with ... 十分赞同...

• When we closely examine the benefits of ..., we can find that ... 当我们仔细研究...的优势，我们能够发现...

• ... is a good case in point ...是一个尤为恰当的例子

• we can safely draw the conclusions that ... 我们可以轻松地得出结论...

• in contemplation of all the mentioned factors, it is safe to draw the conclusion that ... 考虑到以上提及到的所有因素，我们可以轻松地得出结论...

• from what has been discussed above we can safely draw the conclusion that ... 根据以上的讨论内容，我们可以轻松地得出结论...

• one should never underestimate that ... 人们绝不应该低估...

• such a proximity can breed trust 如此的近距离会产生信任

• there is no guarantee that ... 不能保证的是...

• the most unwanted scenario is ... 人们最不想看到的场景是...

• it is more advisable to do ... 做...是更为明智的

• xxx is a topic that has been discussed with constant fervor 人们持续热衷地讨论着有关xxx的话题

• chances are that ... 很有可能的是...

• ... are among the top reasons for ... ...是造成...的最主要原因

• only when ... 只有当，除非

• it is self-evident that ... 不言而喻的是...

• it is sb.'s job to do ...是某人的工作/职责

• ... does not mean that ... 并不意味着

• If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. 如果说我比别人看得远，那是因为我站在了巨人的肩膀上。

• enjoy better chances to do ..., do ...., and do ... 有更大的概率做...，做...，以及做...

• as the old saying goes 正如老话所言

• birds of the same feather flock together 物以类聚

• it takes a lot of commitment and dedication in order to ... 做...需要很多付出和奉献

• it is no wonder that ... 怪不得...

• There is not easy and definite answer to the question. 这个问题没有简单而明确的答案。（用在开头提出双方论点之前）

• given the fact that ... 考虑到

• we can/cannot readily draw a definitive line on the question concerning whether it is better to ... 我们能/不能非黑即白地对...问题上是否更好作出判断

• ... be a subject of constant debate ...是人们一直争论不休的话题

• it is generally acknowledged that ... 众所周知

• as is known to all 如大家所知

• much emphasis has been laid on ... ...已经被给予了很多的关注和忠实

• one particular issue that cannnot be bypassed is ... 一个不容忽视的问题是...

• it is common sense that ... ...是常识

• only by doing ... can sb. do ... （半倒装结构）只有...，某人才能...

• it makes better sense to ...更合理

• ... never fail to draw the spotlight worldwide ...从未失去全世界的关注

• it is far-fetched to state that ... 声称...是非常牵强的

• The question concerning whether/which ... has ignited numerous debates among ... 是否...的问题在...之间引发无数的争论

• this is especially true for ... 对于...而言尤为如此

• vary from person to person 因人而异

• the same is true for ... 对...而言亦是如此

• it is undisputed that ... 是毋庸置疑的

• it is totally understandable to ... 做...是完全可以理解的

听力常见习语

• a big shot = an important person 大腕儿，大亨

• as clear as a bell 非常清楚

• a wet blanket 讨人嫌的人

• a breath of fresh air 使人耳目一新的人

• Achilles' heel 致命弱点;个性的瑕疵

• backroom boys 幕后英雄

• be all ears 洗耳恭听

• be all eyes 目不转睛

• be the apple of one's eye = be very precious to sb. 非常珍贵

• below the mark = not measure up 不够水平，不合格

• beyond compare 绝佳的，最棒的

• bucket down = rain very heavily 瓢泼大雨

• break one's back 辛勤工作

• break even 不赔不赚

• by the book 照章办事

• clear the air 消除误会

• come to terms 达成协议

• cut corners 走捷径

• castles in the sky/air 空中楼阁

• cast a cloud over 泼冷水，是蒙上阴影

• chip in = contribute money 捐献， 集资

• do's and don't's 行为规范

• face the music 面对现实

• get butterflies in one's stomach = get nervous 紧张不安

• go for a song = be sold very cheaply 贱卖

• pull one's leg = tease someone 开某人玩笑

• sell like hot cakes = sell very well or very quickly 畅销

• shed crocodile tears 假装哭泣，假慈悲

• twenty-four seven = 24 hours a day, 7 days a week = all the time 永远

• two thumbs up 举双手赞成

• a man of few words 沉默寡言的人

• all thumbs 笨手笨脚的;一窍不通 的

• ants in one's pants (skirt) 坐立不安

• a knockout 引人注目

• a rainy day 不如意的日子

• as mod as sb. 与某人一样时髦

• at one's finger's tips 了如指掌

• at sixes and sevens 混乱的

• backseat driver 指手划脚的人

• bite one's head off 大发脾气

• black sheep 不孝子女

• blow one's top 怒发冲冠

• break the ice 打破僵局;打破沉默

• break one's neck 痛打- - 顿;拼命做某事

• bring down the house 掌声雷动

• buy your story 相信你的话

• burn a hole in one's pocket 花钱如流水

• call it a day 今天到此为止

• cold fish 冷酷无情的人

• capital idea 好主意

• daylight robbery 价钱贵到离谱

• dark horse 黑马;冷门

• dirty dog 卑鄙小人

• dear Jones letter 绝交信

• every Tom, Dick and Harry 张三李四

• forgive and forget 尽释前嫌;握手言和

• fair and square 正大光明的

• first things first 先说重要的

• get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展

• flat tire 没精打采

• from A to Z 从头到尾

• go on the horse 快一点吧

• God knows 天晓得

• gone with the wind 随风而逝

• great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同。

• good for nothing 毫无用处的

• have words with sb. 口角

• hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕

• hit the high spots 达到高水准

• hit the sack 睡觉

• happy go lucky 乐天派

• have a big mouth 话多的人

• have it both ways 权衡两方面

• have time off 休假

• hold one's tongue 保持沉默

• I.0.U= I owe you 我欠你;借据

• in hot water 遇到麻烦

• in the hole 遇到经济困难

• in the long run 从长远来看;终究

• in the soap 遇到麻烦

• keep one's head 镇定

• keep one's shirt on 不动手打架

• keep punching 继续努力

• kick off 开始干某事

• knock it off 别再讲下去了

• let the cat out of the bag 泄漏秘密

• let nature take its course 顺其自然

• Knock on wood. 说话禁忌;赶紧讨个吉利.

• = kill two birds with one stone -石二鸟

• like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁

• like a turtle on its back 对事情束手无策

• lousy cliches 陈词滥调

• make a hit 出风头

• master key 万能钥匙;关键

• make my mouth water 使我垂涎

• need other's shoulder 希望得到某人的安慰

• No money, no honey. 没有钱,哪有爱情

• neck and neck 不分上下

• no sweat 没问题;不用冒汗

• odds and ends 零碎的工作

• on pins and needles 如坐针毡

• off color 身体不爽

• once in a blue moon 机会难得;绝无仅有

• packed like sardines 拥挤得像沙丁鱼罐头一样

• past master 技艺精湛的人

• pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物

• plain sailing 一帆风顺;轻而易举之事

• pot calling the kettle black 五十步笑百步

• put sb. in the ring 和某人赛- -场

• pipe course 容易的课程或工作

• pull a long face 拉长脸不悦

• rain or shine 不论晴雨

• row in one boat 从事相同事业;相同命运

• royal road 容易取得成功的捷径

• run of the town 轰动一时的人

• salt of the earth/world 社会中坚

• shoe is on the other foot 今日不同往昔

• side money 外快

• second sight 超人的预见力

• sixth sense 第六感

• sugar report 情书

• slowly but surely 稳扎稳打

• spill the beans 露马脚

• step on one's toes 触怒某人

• Sunday dress 最好的衣服

• speak the same language 志同道合

• stay out other people's business 不要管别人的闲事

• stand on one's own feet 独立自主

• take French leave 不辞而别

• talk big 讲大话

• take a back seat 处于默默无闻的地位

• take one's hat off to 表示尊敬佩服

• take things as they come 既来之则安之

• Take it or leave it. 别讨价还价，接不接受随你便

• talk of the town 非常流行的东西

• talk through one's nose 骄傲自大

• tall story 难以置信的故事

• be the spirit 真有道理.

• throw cold water on 泼冷水

• Tom, Dick and Harry 一般的人;普通的人

• tum the tables 扭转局势

• under the sun 世界上任何地方

• visit John. 上厕所

• walking dictionary 知识渊博的人

• welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了!

• What's the catch? 你这是什么意思?

• When in Rome do as the Romans do 入乡随俗

• white lie 善意的谎言

• with open arms 热烈欢迎

• be all wet 完全错了

• be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂

• big potato 大人物

• Boys will be boys! 本性难移!

• couch potato 整日呆在沙发上看电视的人

• Easy come easy go! 来的容易去也快!

• get no say 无权说话

• got me there 难住我了

• It's a no-no! 万万不可!

• leave sb. in the cold. 太令某人扫兴

• put oneself together! 加把劲!

• stick with sb 紧跟着某人

• same old story 又是那一套

• small potato 小人物

• Suit me fine! 太适合我了

• That's your story! 那是你编的!

• Time will tel! 时间会证明一切!

• ups and downs 有喜有悲

• waste one's breath 白费唇舌

• weigh one's words 斟字酌句

• wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由

• win a name 出名

• window dressing 报喜不报忧

• wishful thinking 如意算盘

• worn to a shadow 疲惫不堪

• wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至

• watch one's P's and Q's 注意小节，有礼貌

• win/lose by a neck 以微小之差险胜/惜败

• without fail 一定

• yes-man 唯唯诺诺的人